How to use spray and fogging machines and types
Spraying and fogging machines
All agricultural and horticultural crops are exposed to diseases and insect pests, which prevent or limit the growth of plants and may cause their feces, which makes it necessary to have in each farm equipment to treat or prevent the harvest of those diseases. Therefore, the selection of these machines that spray or fumigate many of the materials necessary for agricultural production, such as different types of pesticides or liquid fertilizers and nutritional solutions or some of the necessary hormones is one of the most difficult things and most important at all.
Where the erosion of these materials from the treated areas to the sedimentation on other neighboring plants may be dedicated to human consumption or animal. Some insecticide chemical pesticides may be attached to plants eaten by animals. And then concentrated in the fat and milk of these animals, which is dangerous to humans when consuming the products as well as the erosion of herbicides or hormones may harm the neighboring sensitive crops and in many cases caused pesticides a kind of environmental imbalance and therefore must choose the appropriate type of pesticide and the type of appropriate machine and the way and circumstances Suitable to spray to reduce the amount of pesticides used and increase their effectiveness and to reduce the drift and residual impact of these chemicals.
For the ease of erosion of the fogging materials and the low deposition efficiency of the spray materials, most pesticides are in the form of spray materials, usually water emulsifiers, which are wetting solutions. To minimize problems associated with pesticide erosion.
Sprinkler and fogging machines (resistance machines):
Sprinkler and fogging machines are used in different fields:
1. Spraying or fogging insecticides to control agricultural insects.
2 - spraying or fumigation of fungicides to combat plant diseases.
3. Spraying or fogging insecticides to control weeds.
4. Spraying pre-harvest solutions to treat plants so that they are suitable for harvesting with modern mechanical machines (such as removing cotton sheets before pounding with cotton machines).
5 - Spray hormones to increase the fruit yield or prevent its early fall.
6 - Spraying food solutions on the leaves of plants directly.
1. Spraying or fogging insecticides to control agricultural insects.
2 - spraying or fumigation of fungicides to combat plant diseases.
3. Spraying or fogging insecticides to control weeds.
4. Spraying pre-harvest solutions to treat plants so that they are suitable for harvesting with modern mechanical machines (such as removing cotton sheets before pounding with cotton machines).
5 - Spray hormones to increase the fruit yield or prevent its early fall.
6 - Spraying food solutions on the leaves of plants directly.
Spraying liquid means:
Spraying spray dispensers are the most important parts of spraying machines and depend on the accuracy of machine performance. The size and distribution of spray droplets is one of the most important things to break down these plant branches and also affect the amount of distance these droplets move in the air and also affect the adhesion efficiency of these grains Plant The most important means of retailing or spraying spray water are:
* Fragmentation or air freshener:
* Fragmentation or air freshener:
The liquid is split by a very fast stream of air. This segmentation can occur entirely outside the bichuria or in a small room at the vulva.
The air compressor is used in some special spray operations for small droplets. The drastic gravity of these tiny droplets limits the use of this type of piper and its use remains only with non-toxic substances.
* Fragmentation or centrifugal spray:
The air compressor is used in some special spray operations for small droplets. The drastic gravity of these tiny droplets limits the use of this type of piper and its use remains only with non-toxic substances.
* Fragmentation or centrifugal spray:
The liquid is fed at low pressure to the center of a high-speed rotating unit such as a disc, cylinder, or brush. As a result of the centrifugal force, a stream of fluid flows towards the perimeter of the unit as it dashes out, breaks into small drops and uses rotary-tip devices at high speeds with spray jets.
* Hydrotherapy:
* Hydrotherapy:
Hydraulic fragmentation depends on the pressure of the liquid giving the necessary energy to the feeder. The membrane of the liquid stream outside the slot of the bichurian is interrupted by imbalance due to high energy in it, or as a result of collision with the outside air, metal surface or collision with another stream of the same fluid. There are many types of hydraulic valves, the most common of which are the cone species, the helicopter and the fiber.
* Low-speed spray or fragmentation:
* Low-speed spray or fragmentation:
The use of this method limits the need to purify the spray fluid as the liquid passes through infinitesimal openings. This method can be obtained by regular droplets so that the drift can be reduced and the pressure on the liquid is low, and the liquid comes out of a round hole or a capillary tube in the form of a cylindrical column. At a distance beyond the exit, the spray fluid is in the form of large, regular droplets that are scattered between smaller droplets. The diameter of the main droplets will be about twice the exit slot.
Types of sprayer and fogging machines:
1 - Manual sprinklers: such as hand spatula, bucket machine, barrel machine, traction machine, dorsal machine.
2. Air propulsion sprayers A stream of air is used to carry the pesticide and may be called machine guns. Some of these machines may be carried by the worker.
3- Hydraulic sprinklers, including field sprinklers and high pressure garden machines.
4- Sprays, which use a stream of air to carry fumigation powder and often have their own motor and may be carried by the worker during spraying or attached or dragged by tractor.
5- Spraying and fogging aircraft are used in vast areas.
2. Air propulsion sprayers A stream of air is used to carry the pesticide and may be called machine guns. Some of these machines may be carried by the worker.
3- Hydraulic sprinklers, including field sprinklers and high pressure garden machines.
4- Sprays, which use a stream of air to carry fumigation powder and often have their own motor and may be carried by the worker during spraying or attached or dragged by tractor.
5- Spraying and fogging aircraft are used in vast areas.
In spraying machines, the active substance is mixed with a certain amount of liquid and the solution to be sprayed into droplets - more or less accurate as required - is imposed by ensuring an appropriate and efficient distribution of the material to be sprayed. Naturally, each plant and parasite corresponds to a certain distribution method of the pesticide droplets Best results at the lowest cost.
The following is a detailed view of some types of sprayer and fogging machines:
(1) - Back sprayers
(1) - Back sprayers
They are the machines that the worker carries and runs with his hand through a special pump that presses the solution to be sprayed or may have a small engine that activates a fan and propels air through a tube. The spray solution is pushed with the air and the solution is then divided into small drops with the air current. The continued work of machine guns requires a high efficiency pump .
the purposes of using dorsal sprayers:
Used for the following purposes:
1. In spraying small home gardens.
2. To sprinkle a few plants.
3. In sprayed hard-to-reach places.
4. In sprinkling small areas.
Used for the following purposes:
1. In spraying small home gardens.
2. To sprinkle a few plants.
3. In sprayed hard-to-reach places.
4. In sprinkling small areas.
(2) - Hydraulic sprayers
In this type of spray machine, the liquid to be hydraulically sprayed by the pump and its dispersion and pushed to the places to be sprayed in the form of spray and small droplets.
In this type of spray machine, the liquid to be hydraulically sprayed by the pump and its dispersion and pushed to the places to be sprayed in the form of spray and small droplets.
Two types of hydraulic sprayers are low-pressure field sprinklers and high-pressure garden presses. Most of the high-pressure sprayers used to spray trees and orchards contain swabs for field spraying. These can be used as hand-sprayers with high pressure sprayers to clean and clean agricultural machinery and poultry farms, and there are many machine guns, self-contained, suspended, tractor-operated or hand-operated.
Hydraulic machine partsThe hydraulic machine consists of tank, flask, pump, filters, pressure gauge and beaker holder
1- Tank machine:
1- Tank machine:
It is a tank with a large capacity made of galvanized steel or plastic to be resistant to rust or corrosion due to the effect of chemical spraying materials. The top of the tank has a hole to be filled with spray fluid and the hole is equipped with a filter that purifies the spray liquid of large size impurities before entering it. The reservoir also has a hole in the bottom of the tank through which the liquid is withdrawn and there is another filter on this hole to purify the liquid from the small impurities which lead to the failure or blockage of one part of the machine.
2. Mold:
The liquid to be sprayed needs constant flux because it consists of solid or oily chemicals mixed with water, so there has to be a means of stirring inside the machine tank. There are two types of oscillators:
The liquid to be sprayed needs constant flux because it consists of solid or oily chemicals mixed with water, so there has to be a means of stirring inside the machine tank. There are two types of oscillators:
A) A hydraulic part: In this type, a part of the spray fluid withdrawn by the pump is returned to the tank a second time to pass through openings or fountains located on a tube located along the reservoir to make the vortices coming out of the fountains move and mix the liquid.
B - mechanical: An arm along the bottom of the tank has a number of feathers and moves in a circular to mix the fluid inside the tank and draws the mechanical shift movement from the back column of the tractor or the engine of the machine.
B - mechanical: An arm along the bottom of the tank has a number of feathers and moves in a circular to mix the fluid inside the tank and draws the mechanical shift movement from the back column of the tractor or the engine of the machine.
3. Pump:
The pump is pumped from the tank and pumped into the spray tubes in preparation for its dissolution and turned into small droplets. The pump is able to operate from the rear tractor shaft or from a special engine. The pump speed affects the amount of liquid coming out of the machine. .
The pump is pumped from the tank and pumped into the spray tubes in preparation for its dissolution and turned into small droplets. The pump is able to operate from the rear tractor shaft or from a special engine. The pump speed affects the amount of liquid coming out of the machine. .
Hydraulic pumps are used in many types of pumps including gear, centrifugal, reciprocating, rotary.
Rotary pump with gradients:
Rotary pump with gradients:
This type of pump consists of a casing with an opening for entering the spray fluid and a corresponding opening for the fluid exit. It moves inside the casing. A rotary member draws its movement from the rear tractor shaft. The rotor has rotors to hold the spray fluid inside the pump in the space between the rotor and the pump.
It is small in size and light in weight but is not recommended for operation at pressures greater than 690 kPa.
Central centrifugal pump:
The operation of this type of pump depends on the centrifugal force to expel the solution from inside the pump outside
The operation of this type of pump depends on the centrifugal force to expel the solution from inside the pump outside
Rotary pump:
The circular rotary pump is not suitable for pumping pendants, or any materials that can be reacted to the gears.
The circular rotary pump is not suitable for pumping pendants, or any materials that can be reacted to the gears.
Piston pump:
Used for 8-35 liters / d.
Operating pressure 25 kg / cm 2 ·
Installation of an air chamber at the opening of the package to regulate the pressure and conduct of the liquid, and thus the stability of the liquid pressure at the nozzles.
Operating pressure 25 kg / cm 2 ·
Installation of an air chamber at the opening of the package to regulate the pressure and conduct of the liquid, and thus the stability of the liquid pressure at the nozzles.
The pressure regulator is installed on the discharge slot of the pumps used in the hydraulic sprayers due to the fluctuation of the fluid discharged from the pump due to the fluctuation of the pump speed due to the change in the rotation speed of the rear tractor shaft where the pressure regulator has the following functions:
A) To obtain constant pressure for the spray fluid to ensure the regularity of the amount of spray water outside the machine.
B - works to protect the parts of the machine from any fracture due to the high pressure of the spray fluid inside or the blockage of the spray device.
A) To obtain constant pressure for the spray fluid to ensure the regularity of the amount of spray water outside the machine.
B - works to protect the parts of the machine from any fracture due to the high pressure of the spray fluid inside or the blockage of the spray device.
5- Al-Bashabir:
Is the most important part of the machine which is responsible for the fragmentation of the liquid where the liquid out of the Bashburi through a narrow hole and under the influence of high pressure to be converted into small atoms, and before the opening of the Bashburi there is a filter with smaller holes of the slot Bshchbori and this candidate to prevent the arrival of impurities into the hole Bshchburi and blocked, There are different types of Bshabir used with automatic machine guns, which differ in their behavior and forms of openings and there are many types of these Balzabir:
Is the most important part of the machine which is responsible for the fragmentation of the liquid where the liquid out of the Bashburi through a narrow hole and under the influence of high pressure to be converted into small atoms, and before the opening of the Bashburi there is a filter with smaller holes of the slot Bshchbori and this candidate to prevent the arrival of impurities into the hole Bshchburi and blocked, There are different types of Bshabir used with automatic machine guns, which differ in their behavior and forms of openings and there are many types of these Balzabir:
The chopper is used extensively with field sprinklers because the shape and distribution method of the spray solution helps to ensure regularity of the coverage and is not significantly affected by the height of the beaker compared with the hollow cone shaker and the conical hollow cone is preferred when using the fungicides for the very fragmentation of the spray product. Fibrillators are used on vertical tubes to spray on the vegetative range of crops and vegetables grown on rows, as well as to spray spray solutions containing suspended substances.
6. Spraying machine:
Spraying the spray from the machine through the so-called spray device, which fragmentation and fragmentation of the liquid into small drops and directed to the place to be sprayed and the distribution of liquid on the target regularly, and spray device either be a holder of the piper or it may be a long tube at the end Bshbori One is known as a spray gun.
Spraying the spray from the machine through the so-called spray device, which fragmentation and fragmentation of the liquid into small drops and directed to the place to be sprayed and the distribution of liquid on the target regularly, and spray device either be a holder of the piper or it may be a long tube at the end Bshbori One is known as a spray gun.
Bearer:
Is a frame on which a set of pipes and hoses are attached to the spray solution. The holder of the pipe is composed of one or more parts if the length of the holder is large for the possibility of bending and the ease of movement of the machine on the roads inside the fields. The height of the carrier can be controlled according to the height of the plant and also according to the ratio of interference between the piper.
Is a frame on which a set of pipes and hoses are attached to the spray solution. The holder of the pipe is composed of one or more parts if the length of the holder is large for the possibility of bending and the ease of movement of the machine on the roads inside the fields. The height of the carrier can be controlled according to the height of the plant and also according to the ratio of interference between the piper.
Machine calibration:
The machine calibration is the control of the machine to give the required amount of spray solution to the unit area, called the rate of spraying and is usually estimated in units (liter / acre) or (liter / ha).
The machine calibration is the control of the machine to give the required amount of spray solution to the unit area, called the rate of spraying and is usually estimated in units (liter / acre) or (liter / ha).
Steps to calculate spray rate:
1 - set the pressure of spraying in the range of 10-15 kg / cm 2
2. Fill the tank to the edge with solution.
3 - The valve opens a period of time calculated by a clock.
4 - Re-fill the tank as it was at the beginning of the experiment and measuring the size of the solution added.
5. The size of the solution discharged in the time unit shall be calculated by dividing the size of the solution added by the opening time of the piping valve (L / D).
6 - Calculates the performance rate of the machine by dividing the area completed on the opening time of the valve (hour / hour).
7- The spray rate is calculated from the following equation:
Spray rate (liters / acre) = Sprinkler behavior (liters / hour) Performance rate (fed / hour)
1 - set the pressure of spraying in the range of 10-15 kg / cm 2
2. Fill the tank to the edge with solution.
3 - The valve opens a period of time calculated by a clock.
4 - Re-fill the tank as it was at the beginning of the experiment and measuring the size of the solution added.
5. The size of the solution discharged in the time unit shall be calculated by dividing the size of the solution added by the opening time of the piping valve (L / D).
6 - Calculates the performance rate of the machine by dividing the area completed on the opening time of the valve (hour / hour).
7- The spray rate is calculated from the following equation:
Spray rate (liters / acre) = Sprinkler behavior (liters / hour) Performance rate (fed / hour)
(3) - Helicopter machine:
This machine uses a stream of air to carry and push the fluid out of the piper in the form of small droplets and carry it to the place to be sprayed. This machine is used to spray the trees' orchards for their ability to push the spray into distant and high places. The following parts:
This machine uses a stream of air to carry and push the fluid out of the piper in the form of small droplets and carry it to the place to be sprayed. This machine is used to spray the trees' orchards for their ability to push the spray into distant and high places. The following parts:
1- Liquid tank.
2 - pump working on the withdrawal of liquid spray from the tank and push it near the piper.
3 - a large fan produces a strong stream of air.
4 - Bshabir number of 10 to 40 Bshbori be installed on the ocean outside the machine.
These machines are well covered with trees, are useful in large areas, characterized by rapid completion, and use less water as a solvent.
2 - pump working on the withdrawal of liquid spray from the tank and push it near the piper.
3 - a large fan produces a strong stream of air.
4 - Bshabir number of 10 to 40 Bshbori be installed on the ocean outside the machine.
These machines are well covered with trees, are useful in large areas, characterized by rapid completion, and use less water as a solvent.
(4) - fumes
The scaffolds use a stream of air to carry and push a powder containing the material to be sprayed on the plant. Sparrows are simple to install, and their problems are less than the machine and do not require large amounts of water, but the fogging requires calm weather conditions. Many types of fans are used on ground masts. Dispensers are also used to disperse the fumigation powder, and the fumigation dispensers are set on equal dimensions on a rack that can be controlled in height to give behavior near the plants. Feeding is provided by a feeding hole in the reservoir that can be adjusted to release the fogging powder to the fan, and there is a mold over the feeder slot
The scaffolds use a stream of air to carry and push a powder containing the material to be sprayed on the plant. Sparrows are simple to install, and their problems are less than the machine and do not require large amounts of water, but the fogging requires calm weather conditions. Many types of fans are used on ground masts. Dispensers are also used to disperse the fumigation powder, and the fumigation dispensers are set on equal dimensions on a rack that can be controlled in height to give behavior near the plants. Feeding is provided by a feeding hole in the reservoir that can be adjusted to release the fogging powder to the fan, and there is a mold over the feeder slot
Some differences in feed rate may occur for one of the following reasons:
1- Differential density of the powder.
2 - the difference of softness or powder and the extent of smoothness.
3. The height of the powder varies over the feeding hole.
Follow one or all of the following methods to minimize drift when using fogging machines:
1. Shipment of powder granules with electrostatic charges.
2 - Add a spray of water or oil at the outlets of the distributors.
3 - Use a cloth cover to cover the trees before fogging to spread inside the powder fogging.
Conditions to be observed when selecting the appropriate machine or improvise:
1- Simple design.
2. Easy to set up and operate.
3 - quality of raw materials used and durability of the industry.
4 - easy access to spare parts and places of repair.
5 - Number of workers required for employment.
6 - the capacity of the machine or improvise and its rate so that the spraying on time.
(5) Spraying or fogging aircraft
Spraying or fogging aircraft is characterized by ground equipment in the speed of performance and its ability to reach plants at times when ground equipment is difficult to enter the field. However, the coverage of plant surfaces is not as good as that of ground equipment. Epidemics or spread of insects such as locusts or mosquitoes in swamps is very important and effective for the use of ground equipment. This method has proved effective in resisting cotton in Egypt. However, the drift of the sprayed material is a serious problem in the use of aircraft and the generalization of spraying on all places, A plant planted with vegetables or canals and drinking water banks is a problem in the use of aircraft.
Spraying or fogging aircraft are provided with tanks for solutions or powders, and many systems and equipment for solution fragmentation or powder dispersion. Some of these systems and equipment may be similar to those used with ground equipment previously described in sprayer and fogging machines.
Advantages of using spray aircraft:
• Spray at 600-700 acres / day.
• Regular distribution of the pesticide.
• Access of the pesticide to the place of injury.
• Easy spraying of irrigated areas.
• Provision in resistance workers.
• Lower costs per acre.
Disadvantages of using spray aircraft:
• Irregularity of coverage.
• Spraying is affected by wind speed.
• Flight risk is low.
• Spray stops for bad weather leading to pest spread.
• Aircraft need to have a landing and takeoff at 250 x 25 m.
Spray material drift:
Spraying is a problem of spray machine operators. Drifting is carried by the wind to adjacent fields where it may not be needed or can cause damage. Spraying is caused by very small droplets that are easy to carry by wind.
Drift can be minimized in any of the following ways:
1. Keep the spray lever low.
2. Keep the pressure low to minimize the irritant.
3. Use a large diameter chapper to give larger drops.
4. Use a special shaper designed to minimize drift.
5. Add materials that increase the viscosity to the spray material to increase the droplet size.
6. Avoid spraying windy times.
Maintenance to be carried out for the machine - Security and safety rules:
First: Before starting daily work:
1. Before starting daily work, make sure that the spray solution does not leak from any joints in the machine so that no part of the spray solution is lost on the ground without using it for the desired purpose.
1- Differential density of the powder.
2 - the difference of softness or powder and the extent of smoothness.
3. The height of the powder varies over the feeding hole.
Follow one or all of the following methods to minimize drift when using fogging machines:
1. Shipment of powder granules with electrostatic charges.
2 - Add a spray of water or oil at the outlets of the distributors.
3 - Use a cloth cover to cover the trees before fogging to spread inside the powder fogging.
Conditions to be observed when selecting the appropriate machine or improvise:
1- Simple design.
2. Easy to set up and operate.
3 - quality of raw materials used and durability of the industry.
4 - easy access to spare parts and places of repair.
5 - Number of workers required for employment.
6 - the capacity of the machine or improvise and its rate so that the spraying on time.
(5) Spraying or fogging aircraft
Spraying or fogging aircraft is characterized by ground equipment in the speed of performance and its ability to reach plants at times when ground equipment is difficult to enter the field. However, the coverage of plant surfaces is not as good as that of ground equipment. Epidemics or spread of insects such as locusts or mosquitoes in swamps is very important and effective for the use of ground equipment. This method has proved effective in resisting cotton in Egypt. However, the drift of the sprayed material is a serious problem in the use of aircraft and the generalization of spraying on all places, A plant planted with vegetables or canals and drinking water banks is a problem in the use of aircraft.
Spraying or fogging aircraft are provided with tanks for solutions or powders, and many systems and equipment for solution fragmentation or powder dispersion. Some of these systems and equipment may be similar to those used with ground equipment previously described in sprayer and fogging machines.
Advantages of using spray aircraft:
• Spray at 600-700 acres / day.
• Regular distribution of the pesticide.
• Access of the pesticide to the place of injury.
• Easy spraying of irrigated areas.
• Provision in resistance workers.
• Lower costs per acre.
Disadvantages of using spray aircraft:
• Irregularity of coverage.
• Spraying is affected by wind speed.
• Flight risk is low.
• Spray stops for bad weather leading to pest spread.
• Aircraft need to have a landing and takeoff at 250 x 25 m.
Spray material drift:
Spraying is a problem of spray machine operators. Drifting is carried by the wind to adjacent fields where it may not be needed or can cause damage. Spraying is caused by very small droplets that are easy to carry by wind.
Drift can be minimized in any of the following ways:
1. Keep the spray lever low.
2. Keep the pressure low to minimize the irritant.
3. Use a large diameter chapper to give larger drops.
4. Use a special shaper designed to minimize drift.
5. Add materials that increase the viscosity to the spray material to increase the droplet size.
6. Avoid spraying windy times.
Maintenance to be carried out for the machine - Security and safety rules:
First: Before starting daily work:
1. Before starting daily work, make sure that the spray solution does not leak from any joints in the machine so that no part of the spray solution is lost on the ground without using it for the desired purpose.
2. Use the protective cover of the moving parts so that there is no injury during the operation of the machine, especially if the movement of the machine through the rear tractor shaft should be covered with plastic cover because it is a frequent source of accidents.
3 - Use of protective cover from the inhalation of pesticides during work (muzzle), especially if there is a drift of pesticides at high speeds of air.
4 - During the resistance season - wash the tank with pure water as well as all the paths of the solution from the reservoir until the end of the Bashabir after each time the machine is used.
Second: After the end of the resistance season:
1 - conduct the washing process with water plus a little mineral oil and then followed by a complete filter of the machine.
2. Wash filters, grease pumps and other moving parts according to factory instructions.
General instructions other than specific instructions for each machine must be followed in all cases:
1. Avoid violent shocks to the tank, especially when it is made of plastics.
2 - Washing the machine is a large amount of water and immediately after each brush for solutions fertilizer.
3 - Do not run pump and reservoir free of solution.
4 - Lift the pressure of the zipper pressure regulating valve after each use.
5. Isolate the manometer after each reading, if a faucet is found to allow the burden of this sensitive device to be reduced.
6 - Do not use wires from the steel to touch the jumpers. Wooden chopsticks or red copper wire can be used when necessary if the porcupine is not easily dislodged.
7 - All spray mixtures must be prepared carefully according to the instructions of the chemical plants supplied to the class used. And should be carefully filtered before pouring into the machine reservoir.
8. Spray hoses made of rubber must be kept in a humid place free from hot weather during periods of non-operation
3 - Use of protective cover from the inhalation of pesticides during work (muzzle), especially if there is a drift of pesticides at high speeds of air.
4 - During the resistance season - wash the tank with pure water as well as all the paths of the solution from the reservoir until the end of the Bashabir after each time the machine is used.
Second: After the end of the resistance season:
1 - conduct the washing process with water plus a little mineral oil and then followed by a complete filter of the machine.
2. Wash filters, grease pumps and other moving parts according to factory instructions.
General instructions other than specific instructions for each machine must be followed in all cases:
1. Avoid violent shocks to the tank, especially when it is made of plastics.
2 - Washing the machine is a large amount of water and immediately after each brush for solutions fertilizer.
3 - Do not run pump and reservoir free of solution.
4 - Lift the pressure of the zipper pressure regulating valve after each use.
5. Isolate the manometer after each reading, if a faucet is found to allow the burden of this sensitive device to be reduced.
6 - Do not use wires from the steel to touch the jumpers. Wooden chopsticks or red copper wire can be used when necessary if the porcupine is not easily dislodged.
7 - All spray mixtures must be prepared carefully according to the instructions of the chemical plants supplied to the class used. And should be carefully filtered before pouring into the machine reservoir.
8. Spray hoses made of rubber must be kept in a humid place free from hot weather during periods of non-operation
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