how to used machinery for harvesting potatoes and their types
Harvesting machinery (tubers)
Tuberculosis crops need a special quality of machinery to collect them as they are crops that are formed under the surface of the soil, such as potatoes, potatoes, sugar beet, carrots, etc. These crops are harvested from under the surface of the soil and collected from the soil surface manually or mechanically. .
The
harvest of tuberous crops depends on raising the soil layer containing
the tubers so that the tubers float above the surface of the soil and
are then captured.
Potato crop is one of the most important tuber crops, so we will focus on potato harvesters as an example of crop harvests.
One
of the most important problems of crop harvests is how to avoid damage
to tubers, especially in crops whose prices are heavily affected by this
damage such as potatoes, where damage affects the capacity of tubers
for storage and sometimes changes its formal specifications, and this
damage in the form of scratch or break, Vials or disk knives that help
cut a slice of soil, or during the rotation of tubers during or after
harvest.
The transition from manual harvesting to mechanical harvesting has been difficult and slow because of:
1- Different size and shape of tubers.
2. Different soil type.
3 - Difficulty to get rid of the plant part (throne).
4 - cleaning tubers from the soil adhered to.
5. The sensitivity of potato tubers to scratching or bruising.
Potato cuts
Potato cutting machines are divided according to their power supply to:
a. Semi-automatic machines.
B. Cutting machines combined.
1. Semi-automatic cutting machines:
They take the tubers out of the soil and leave them on the surface of the soil to collect by hand workers, including two types:
* Rotary Harvesting Machines
* Harvesting machines with mats.
a. Rotary Harvesting Machine:
This
machine is used in heavy land with a single line and consists of a
weapon that moves longitudinally under the potato line where it
disassembles and dislodges the potatoes from the soil. The rotary thorns
then sweep the soil and potatoes and spread them in an area that can be
collected by the workers. -3 acres / day.
![](https://www.almerja.com/medea/images/آلة%20الحصاد%20الدوارة.png)
B) Harvesting machine with separation mats:
In
this machine, the soil and tubers are raised by the separation mats
made of steel bars straight and connected together to form the mat so
that the distance between the rails is sufficient for the passage of the
soil The tubers move over the mat back and settle in the narrow potato
line, which is easy to collect manually by workers.
The
performance rate of this machine is 3-5 acres per day according to the
number of machine lines and the number of available labor.
2 - Machines combined mechanically cut:
It dislodges the soil and removes the tubers from the ground to be loaded into the appropriate trailers or packaging.
This
machine is used under the same conditions of operation of the harvest
machine with the mats of the season, but it is characterized by lifting
the tubers completely after separation from the soil and the throne and
transported to the trailer and not return to earth again. The
components of this machine are similar to the components of the harvest
machines with mats except for the number of separation mats. There are
one or two lines. The performance rate of this type of machinery ranges
from 5-8 feddans per day according to the number of lines.
This
machine is expensive and can not be completely disposed of soil
residues and impurities by 100%, which requires sorting prior to
packing.
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